Like English, Javanese noun have ni gender, but unlike English, Javanese language doesn't have any articles (the, a, an). Verb are same for present, past and future time. Tenses are not indicated by the change of form. When saying "I bought a car yesterday", you simply say "Enyong tuku mobil wingi".
Adjectives
1. Descriptive adjectives follow the noun.
Example: Mobil abang (The red car), Klambi kaos putih (the white tshirt).
2. Demonstrative adjectives gie (this/these) and gue or kae (that/those) come at the end of a phrase and don't change to indicate the plural form or sentence.
Example: Mobil kae gedhe (that car is a big).
3. Possessive adjectives come after the noun the modify or the thing possessed.
Example: Anakku (my child)
Pronoun
Subject pronoun and objects pronoun are mostly the same in Javanese language.
I = Enyong, Aku, Kulo
You = Koe, Sampeyan
He = Kae
She = Kae
We = Sakabehan
They = Kae Sakabehan
Verbs
1. The verb, to be, doesn't have in javanese language equivalent. It is, therefore, omitted.
Example: Kae Perawan Amerika (she is American teenager), Gie surat go Koe (This letter for you).
2. Verbs don't change their forms to indicate tense and the person taking action.
Example: Kae bocah lunga meng Australia (He is going to Australia).
3. Completeness of an action can be indicate by the word Uwis or Wis. Urung is used to indicate incompleteness.
Example: Dischman wis tangi (Dischman was wake up), Rony urung adus (Rony doesn't take a bath).
Esih indicate that an action is (was) still occurring. Example: Mamaku esih masak sega (My mom still cooking rice).
Agi indicate that it is (was) in process of occurring. Example: Bapakku agi lunga meng pasar (my dad was/is going to market).
4. Present, past and future tenses are often indicated by words such as Siki (now), Wingi (yesterday), Ngesuk (tomorrow).
Negative
1. Udhu, dudu is used when object or predicate is a noun.
Example: Enyong udhu guru (I am not a teacher)
2. Ora is used before adjectives, verbs and prepositions.
Example: Enyong ora turu (I am not sleep).
3. Aja and Ora ulih is used to forbid, or to express an order.
Example: Aja dipangan (don't eat), Ora Ulih mlebu (don't enter).
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